| 0 – 3 Months |
3 – 6 Months |
6 – 9 Months |
9 – 12 Months |
| 0 – 3 Months |
- Briefly looks at people
- Follows moving person with eyes
- Quiets in response to sound (responds more readily to speech than non-speech sounds
- Smiles/coos in responses to another smile/voice (1-4 months)
- Excites when caregiver approaches (1-4 months)
- Aware of strangers and unfamiliar situations (1-4 months)
- Cries differently when tired, hungry, in pain (1-4 months)
- Quiets when picked up
|
3 – 6 Months |
- Fixes gaze on face
- Responds to name by looking for voice source (4-8 months)
- Regularly localizes sound source/speaker
- Occasionally vocalizes in response to speech
|
6 – 9 Months |
- Initiates vocalizing to another person
- Enjoys being played with (4-8 months)
- Different vocalizations for different states: anger, contentment, hunger (4-8 months)
- Recognizes familiar people
- Cries when parent leaves room (9 months)
- Imitates familiar sound and actions
|
9 – 12 Months |
- Shouts or coughs to attract attention
- Shakes head “no” and pushes undesired objects away
- Waves “bye”
- Affectionate to familiar people
- Begins directing others’ behavior physically (pat, pulls, tugs on adult)
- Extends arms to be picked up
- Moves away from a stranger
- Participates in “pat-a-cake”, “peek-a-boo”, “so-big”
- Begins to vary behavior according to emotional reactions of others – repeats actions that are laughed at
- Reaches to request an object
- Imitates novel sounds/actions
|
| 1 – 1½ Years |
1 ½ – 2 Years |
2- 3 Years |
| 1 – 1½ Years |
- Brings object to show an adult
- Request objects by pointing and vocalizing or possibly using a word approximation
- Solicits another’s attention vocally, physically, possibly with a word (Mommy)
- Gesturally requests action/assistance (may give back wind-up toy to request activation)
- Says “bye” and possibly a few other conversational ritual words such as “hi”, “thank you”, and “please”
- Protests by saying “no” shaking head, moving away, frowning, or pushing object away
- Comments on object/action by directing listeners’ attention to it with a point and vocalization or word approximation
- Answers simple wh questions with vocal response (may be unintelligible)
- Acknowledges speech of another by giving eye contact, vocally responding, or repeating a word said
- Teases, scolds, warns using gesture plus a vocalization or word approximation
|
1 ½ – 2 Years |
- Uses single words or short phrases to express the intentions listed at 1-1 ½ year level
- Names objects in front of others
- Says “what’s that?” to elicit attention
- Begins using single words and two word phrases to command (move), indicate possession (mine), express problems (owee)
- Much verbal turn-taking
|
2- 3 Years |
-
- Engages in short dialogues
- Verbally introduces and changes topic of discussion
- Expresses emotion
- Begins using language in imaginative ways
- Begins providing descriptive details to facilitate comprehension
- Uses attention getting words such as “hey”
- Clarifies and request clarification
- Prenarrative development begins with heaps and sequences:
– heaps – collections of unrelated ideas
– sequences – story elements linked by perceptual bonds |
| 3- 4 Years |
4 – 5 Years |
5 –6 Years |
6 – 7 Years |
| 3- 4 Years |
- Engages in longer dialogues
- Assumes the role of another person in play
- Uses more fillers to acknowledge partner’s message (un-huh, yeah, OK)
- Begins code switching (using simpler language) when talking to very young children
- Uses more elliptical responses
- Requests permission
- Begins using language for fantasies, jokes, teasing
- Makes conversational repairs when listener has not understood
- Correct others
- Primitive narratives emerge: events follow from central core/use of inference in stories
|
4 – 5 Years |
- Uses indirect requests
- Correctly uses deictic terms such as this, that, here, there
- Uses twice as many effective utterances as 3 year old to discuss emotions and feelings
- Narrative development characterized by unfocused chains – stories have sequence of events but no central character or theme
|
5 –6 Years |
- Narrative development characterized by focused chains – stories have central character with logical sequence of events, but ending is unclear
- Gives threats and insults
- Issues promises
- May give praise
|
6 – 7 Years |
- True narratives – well developed plot and character with sequenced events
|
